Portman, Peters Urge FEMA to Provide Increased Clarity to Disaster Victims on Eligibility for Federal Assistance

WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Senators Rob Portman (R-OH) and Gary Peters (D-MI), Ranking Member and Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, urged the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to clearly communicate with victims of disasters on their eligibility for the Individuals and Households Program (IHP), which provides assistance to individuals and households affected by a disaster who have uninsured or under-insured necessary expenses. In a letter to FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell, the senators wrote that they have heard concerns from communities in Michigan and Ohio recovering from severe storms and widespread flooding that disaster survivors are receiving unclear and confusing letters as to whether they qualify for assistance from the IHP. 

“As disaster survivors across the country, including in our home states of Michigan and Ohio, are recovering from devastating floods, landslides, and other extreme weather events, we have heard complaints from communities that the current IHP letters are unclear, confusing, and do not adequately convey the status of disaster survivors’ applications,” wrote the senators. “As FEMA undertakes its 2020-2021 IHP letter review process, we strongly urge you to ensure that determination letters are simplified and improved to provide all necessary information to disaster survivors and make clear that an ‘ineligible’ determination does not necessarily mean denied.” 

The senators continued: “By making clear that an ineligible determination is not a denial, and providing more specific information to survivors, FEMA can better meet the needs of our most vulnerable citizens after a disaster.” 

FEMA’s IHP letters, which notify disaster victims on their eligibility for federal assistance, have been criticized for a lack of clarity and often leave disaster victims, who are already facing immense hardship, confused as to whether they can receive help from the program.  Last year, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommended that FEMA change IHP reward determination letters to ensure that applicants understand that an “ineligible” determination does not mean they cannot continue to pursue assistance and to provide additional information to applicants about how FEMA determined their eligibility for assistance and the amount of assistance to award. While FEMA has agreed to these recommendations, the agency has not yet implemented them. The senators are urging FEMA to quickly implement these recommendations to further strengthen our national disaster response efforts. 

Text of the letter is copied below and available here. 

Dear Administrator Criswell, 

We are writing today with concerns about the current Individuals and Households Program (IHP) determination letters. As disaster survivors across the country, including in our home states of Michigan and Ohio, are recovering from devastating floods, landslides, and other extreme weather events, we have heard complaints from communities that the current IHP letters are unclear, confusing, and do not adequately convey the status of disaster survivors’ applications. As FEMA undertakes its 2020-2021 IHP letter review process, we strongly urge you to ensure that determination letters are simplified and improved to provide all necessary information to disaster survivors and make clear that an “ineligible” determination does not necessarily mean denied. 

FEMA’s IHP provides financial and direct services to eligible individuals and households affected by a disaster, who have uninsured or under-insured necessary expenses and serious needs.^[1] These awards can act as a lifeline for families struggling after a disaster. However, the complexity of FEMA programs continues to act as a barrier for disaster survivors who are struggling to rebuild their lives— specifically FEMA’s IHP determination letter. 

The Government Accountability Office (GAO) and others have documented disaster survivors’ continued struggle to understand determination letters. In a 2020 report on FEMA’s IHP program, GAO found that “[a]fter reading [a] short [introductory] paragraph, the applicant would then read the following phrases, ‘ASSISTANCE NOT APPROVED,’ and, ‘You are not eligible for the following assistance because…’ While the letter includes instructions on how to appeal FEMA’s determination, it does not explicitly state that the determination is not final.”^[2] While a disaster survivor may receive a denial because FEMA requires additional information, the current determination letter does not make that clear and disaster survivors often mistakenly think they were denied assistance and do not go through the appeals process. This may be especially true for the most vulnerable disaster survivors, who may not have the capacity or time for lengthy engagements with FEMA when determination letters are unclear. 

Additionally, disaster survivors may be missing opportunities to appeal because of incomplete information on a determination letter. Currently, letters do not include important information, such as the amount of damages verified during the site inspection or a list of items that FEMA is providing funding to repair or replace.^[3] Having more specific descriptions about eligibility and award decisions could inform whether a disaster survivor should appeal their award based on incomplete or missing damage information. For instance, if a disaster survivor received an award that covers part of the damages they incurred, but does not include money for other damages sustained, the individual would not know to appeal the decision because they would be unaware of what items were covered by the IHP award. If FEMA included this information in a determination letter, it would ensure that disaster survivors are fully informed of their awards and better able to decide whether to submit an appeal to FEMA. 

We appreciate all of the hard work FEMA employees have done to help people before, during, and after disasters. Yet, to meet FEMA’s 2018-2022 Strategic Plan goal of reducing the complexity of FEMA^[4], determination letters must be revised to better serve disaster survivors. By making clear that an ineligible determination is not a denial, and providing more specific information to survivors, FEMA can better meet the needs of our most vulnerable citizens after a disaster. 

We urge you to undertake the suggestions we have outlined during FEMA’s current determination letter review process. We look forward to your response. 

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